{"id":180182,"date":"2026-10-22T13:49:23","date_gmt":"2026-10-22T06:49:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phongvu.vn\/cong-nghe\/?p=180182"},"modified":"2026-10-22T13:49:26","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T06:49:26","slug":"tai-sao-ssd-bi-hao-mon-con-ram-thi-khong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phongvu.vn\/cong-nghe\/tai-sao-ssd-bi-hao-mon-con-ram-thi-khong\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea1i sao SSD b\u1ecb hao m\u00f2n theo th\u1eddi gian c\u00f2n RAM th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

PV Tech News \u2013 SSD b\u1ecb hao m\u00f2n sau m\u1ed7i chu k\u1ef3 ghi, x\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u do electron ph\u1ea3i \u0111i xuy\u00ean qua l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n si\u00eau m\u1ecfng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, RAM li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i n\u0103m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf hao m\u00f2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch hai linh ki\u1ec7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ed4 SSD c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n ghi, x\u00f3a, trong khi RAM kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 hao m\u00f2n theo chu k\u1ef3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch hai linh ki\u1ec7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed7i bit th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch trong \u00f4 nh\u1edb, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u1edf RAM v\u00e0 SSD ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed7i \u00f4 nh\u1edb RAM g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch. Khi ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn m\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c x\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch trong t\u1ee5 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n electron xuy\u00ean qua l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c r\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec7n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m m\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3, th\u01b0\u1eddng trong chu k\u1ef3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a 64 mili gi\u00e2y. T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ea7n 500 tri\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf hao m\u00f2n nh\u01b0 \u1edf SSD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"T\u1ea1i
T\u1ea1i sao SSD b\u1ecb hao m\u00f2n theo th\u1eddi gian c\u00f2n RAM th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng? (Ngu\u1ed3n: Internet)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, SSD s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb NAND flash \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n. Electron \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ed5ng n\u1ed5i (floating gate), bao quanh b\u1edfi l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n silicon dioxide (SiO\u2082) d\u00e0y kho\u1ea3ng 7 nm. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, SSD c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi ghi ho\u1eb7c x\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, SSD ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a electron xuy\u00ean qua l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed (quantum tunneling). Qua nhi\u1ec1u chu k\u1ef3, l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u0169y h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i vi m\u00f4, khi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch kh\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9. Khi l\u1ed7i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ee7a thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i (ECC), \u00f4 nh\u1edb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, khi\u1ebfn SSD d\u1ea7n hao m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/strong><\/td>RAM (DRAM)<\/strong><\/td>SSD (NAND flash)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
N\u01a1i gi\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch<\/td>T\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td>C\u1ed5ng n\u1ed5i<\/td><\/tr>
\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ghi<\/td>Th\u1ea5p, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>15\u201320 V<\/td><\/tr>
V\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n khi ghi<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng<\/td>C\u00f3 (hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m)<\/td><\/tr>
L\u00e0m m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3<\/td>C\u00f3, t\u1ed1i \u0111a 64 ms\/l\u1ea7n<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng<\/td><\/tr>
Gi\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u khi t\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng<\/td>C\u00f3, kho\u1ea3ng 1 n\u0103m \u1edf 30\u00b0C<\/td><\/tr>
Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n ghi<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 hao m\u00f2n<\/td>C\u00f3<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a SSD. SLC l\u01b0u 1 bit tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u00f4 nh\u1edb, MLC l\u01b0u 2 bit, TLC l\u01b0u 3 bit v\u00e0 QLC l\u01b0u 4 bit. Khi s\u1ed1 bit t\u0103ng, \u00f4 nh\u1edb ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p h\u01a1n, khi\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c thu h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 sai s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng khi l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb hao m\u00f2n. Theo b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, SLC c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n kho\u1ea3ng 150.000 chu k\u1ef3 ghi\/x\u00f3a, trong khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb flash gi\u1eefa th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 2010 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t 1.000\u20133.000 chu k\u1ef3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 NAND v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng \u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"SSD
SSD v\u00e0 RAM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p theo th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (Ngu\u1ed3n: Internet)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd, SSD hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 d\u00e0n tr\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f2n (wear leveling) nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i thao t\u00e1c ghi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u00f4 nh\u1edb, c\u00f9ng dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng (over-provisioning) \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i nh\u1edb xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t \u1ed5 SSD 1 TB c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 TBW l\u00e0 600 TB, v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ghi trung b\u00ecnh 40 GB m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n kho\u1ea3ng 41 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ghi c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, b\u1edfi tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, th\u1eddi gian v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng linh ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n ghi, c\u1ea3 SSD v\u00e0 RAM \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p do l\u00e3o h\u00f3a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean xem b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 linh ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o l\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, ngay c\u1ea3 khi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u00ean duy tr\u00ec b\u1ea3n sao l\u01b0u tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng SSD<\/a> v\u00e0 RAM<\/a> t\u1ea1i Phong V\u0169 <\/a>\u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, h\u00e3y theo d\u00f5i Phong V\u0169 Tech News<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tin t\u1ee9c v\u00e0 m\u1eb9o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft li\u00ean quan:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n