{"id":167984,"date":"2026-03-05T14:20:55","date_gmt":"2026-03-05T07:20:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phongvu.vn\/cong-nghe\/?p=167984"},"modified":"2026-03-06T10:22:46","modified_gmt":"2026-03-06T03:22:46","slug":"trung-quoc-thanh-cong-che-tao-chip-1nm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phongvu.vn\/cong-nghe\/trung-quoc-thanh-cong-che-tao-chip-1nm\/","title":{"rendered":"Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o chip 1nm, v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c 70 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh b\u00e1n d\u1eabn"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

PV Tech News – C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra con chip 1nm \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p si\u00eau th\u1ea5p, m\u1edf ra k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi cho c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chip v\u00e0 chip AI.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc B\u1eafc Kinh v\u1eeba c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1eadt l\u00fd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i su\u1ed1t 70 n\u0103m qua. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o transistor, linh ki\u1ec7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi chip m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 1 nanomet. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf gi\u00fap linh ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n l\u1edbn khi thu nh\u1ecf chip trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Ch\u1ec9
Ch\u1ec9 1nm, Ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p: Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc B\u1eafc Kinh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 chip (Ngu\u1ed3n: Internet)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trong su\u1ed1t 70 n\u0103m qua, m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thu nh\u1ecf linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf, ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t cao, th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean 1.5V. M\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n logic c\u1ee7a chip, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, k\u00ecm h\u00e3m s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1n d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc B\u1eafc Kinh \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1ed1ng nano carbon kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ed5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. Khi c\u1ed5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 1 nanomet, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1eadp trung \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, transistor m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p 0.6V \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n g\u1ea7n ba l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean lo\u1ea1i b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a chip, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u00e0i to\u00e1n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"S\u01a1
S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 3D minh h\u1ecda c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac transistor si\u00eau nh\u1ecf (Ngu\u1ed3n: Internet)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, con chip th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Transistor m\u1edbi ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 0.45 femtojoule tr\u00ean micromet, v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 t\u1edbi 10 l\u1ea7n. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u0169ng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nhanh, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t 1.6 nanogi\u00e2y (1.6 t\u1ef7 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gi\u00e2y) \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ec7nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu nh\u1ecf, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean, m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi quy lu\u1eadt th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn quan tr\u1ecdng m\u1edf ra tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng l\u1edbn cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 chip AI m\u1edbi. Lo\u1ea1i transistor n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eeba l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eeba th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ngay t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft “b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb” r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111ang k\u00ecm h\u00e3m s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a chip AI hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng con chip m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2022, ng\u0103n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00e1n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip cao c\u1ea5p cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Thay v\u00ec b\u1ecb k\u00ecm h\u00e3m, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 con chip 1nm, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb th\u1ebf trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1eebng qu\u00ean theo d\u00f5i Phong V\u0169 Tech News<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tin t\u1ee9c m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: Trendforce<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft li\u00ean quan:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n