{"id":127426,"date":"2025-04-28T09:56:47","date_gmt":"2025-04-28T02:56:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phongvu.vn\/cong-nghe\/?p=127426"},"modified":"2025-04-28T09:56:51","modified_gmt":"2025-04-28T02:56:51","slug":"may-tinh-luong-tu-co-the-vuot-qua-ca-sieu-may-tinh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phongvu.vn\/cong-nghe\/may-tinh-luong-tu-co-the-vuot-qua-ca-sieu-may-tinh\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00e0i test ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u1ea3 si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Khi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i to\u00e1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1eefu \u00edch, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o chung, minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i Trung t\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u J\u00fclich (\u0110\u1ee9c) \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t chu\u1ea9n benchmark m\u1edbi, nh\u1eb1m \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed (QPU). \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn quan tr\u1ecdng, gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-style-default\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1440\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/phongvu.vn\/cong-nghe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/may-tinh-luong-tu-co-the-vuot-qua-ca-sieu-may-tinh.png\" alt=\"B\u00e0i test ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u1ea3 si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh\" class=\"wp-image-127427\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phongvu.vn\/cong-nghe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/may-tinh-luong-tu-co-the-vuot-qua-ca-sieu-may-tinh.png 1440w, https:\/\/phongvu.vn\/cong-nghe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/may-tinh-luong-tu-co-the-vuot-qua-ca-sieu-may-tinh-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/phongvu.vn\/cong-nghe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/may-tinh-luong-tu-co-the-vuot-qua-ca-sieu-may-tinh-1024x640.png 1024w, https:\/\/phongvu.vn\/cong-nghe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/may-tinh-luong-tu-co-the-vuot-qua-ca-sieu-may-tinh-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/phongvu.vn\/cong-nghe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/may-tinh-luong-tu-co-the-vuot-qua-ca-sieu-may-tinh-150x94.png 150w, https:\/\/phongvu.vn\/cong-nghe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/may-tinh-luong-tu-co-the-vuot-qua-ca-sieu-may-tinh-600x375.png 600w, https:\/\/phongvu.vn\/cong-nghe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/may-tinh-luong-tu-co-the-vuot-qua-ca-sieu-may-tinh-696x435.png 696w, https:\/\/phongvu.vn\/cong-nghe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/may-tinh-luong-tu-co-the-vuot-qua-ca-sieu-may-tinh-1392x870.png 1392w, https:\/\/phongvu.vn\/cong-nghe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/may-tinh-luong-tu-co-the-vuot-qua-ca-sieu-may-tinh-1068x668.png 1068w, https:\/\/phongvu.vn\/cong-nghe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/may-tinh-luong-tu-co-the-vuot-qua-ca-sieu-may-tinh-672x420.png 672w, https:\/\/phongvu.vn\/cong-nghe\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/may-tinh-luong-tu-co-the-vuot-qua-ca-sieu-may-tinh-1344x840.png 1344w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\" title=\"\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">B\u00e0i test ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u1ea3 si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh (Ngu\u1ed3n: Internet)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y, nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 19 b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb 5 h\u00e3ng l\u1edbn: IBM, Quantinuum, IonQ, Rigetti v\u00e0 IQM. C\u00e1c QPU \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hai ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng (s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qubit m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e2u (m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c thi c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp gate 2-qubit).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y, IBM d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u, trong khi Quantinuum n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng, v\u1edbi con chip H2-1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u00e0i test \u1edf m\u1ee9c 56 qubit &#8211; m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m trong chu\u1ea9n benchmark n\u00e0y l\u00e0 MaxCut, m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. MaxCut c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t QPU b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cho ra c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, m\u1ea5t \u0111i th\u00f4ng tin l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, th\u00ec s\u1ebd b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 &#8220;th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Chip Fez c\u1ee7a IBM \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh t\u00edch \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n l\u1edbp th\u1ee9 300 trong b\u00e0i to\u00e1n 100 qubit v\u1edbi g\u1ea7n 1 tri\u1ec7u c\u1ed5ng 2-qubit &#8211; \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Ankaa-2 c\u1ee7a Rigetti c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a chu\u1ea9n benchmark n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch cao v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 tri\u1ec3n khai. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed kh\u00e1c nhau, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n LR-QAOA (Linear Ramp Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm), gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec5u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 t\u1eeb con chip Quantinuum H2-1, khi n\u00f3 v\u1eabn cho ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 \u1edf quy m\u00f4 56 qubit v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 4.600 c\u1ed5ng 2-qubit &#8211; v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho th\u1ea5y \u01b0u th\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed (quantum advantage) \u0111ang d\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng chu\u1ea9n benchmark m\u1edbi ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh tham s\u1ed1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, thay v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh linh ho\u1ea1t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea1y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a QPU. V\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u1ecd khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb r\u1eb1ng chu\u1ea9n benchmark n\u00e0y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng song song v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1c. V\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0o r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft li\u00ean quan:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/phongvu.vn\/cong-nghe\/nguoi-dung-windows-10-di-cu-sang-windows-11\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng Windows 10 \u1ed3 \u1ea1t \u2018di c\u01b0\u2019 sang Windows 11<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/phongvu.vn\/cong-nghe\/dell-ra-mat-laptop-14-plus-2in1-moi\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/phongvu.vn\/cong-nghe\/dell-ra-mat-laptop-14-plus-2in1-moi\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dell ra m\u1eaft laptop 14 Plus 2in1 m\u1edbi: pin 19h, c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1nh, gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/phongvu.vn\/cong-nghe\/danh-gia-asus-rog-flow-z13\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ASUS ROG Flow Z13: Laptop Tablet m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi!<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Khi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i to\u00e1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1eefu \u00edch, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o chung, minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. M\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":127427,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[74,1864],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/phongvu.vn\/cong-nghe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/127426"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/phongvu.vn\/cong-nghe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/phongvu.vn\/cong-nghe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phongvu.vn\/cong-nghe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/37"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phongvu.vn\/cong-nghe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=127426"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/phongvu.vn\/cong-nghe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/127426\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":127428,"href":"https:\/\/phongvu.vn\/cong-nghe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/127426\/revisions\/127428"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phongvu.vn\/cong-nghe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/127427"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/phongvu.vn\/cong-nghe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=127426"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phongvu.vn\/cong-nghe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=127426"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/phongvu.vn\/cong-nghe\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=127426"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}